How Long To Cook 8 Oz Hamburger Stove Top
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite motion picture characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on backside the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that pall and acquire more about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Moving-picture show
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 flick adaptation. Hamilton chosen her amanuensis to ask which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed piece of work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for 3 months, simply many of her scenes were cut for existence too scary for audiences.
Dorothy'south Original Expect Was More Motion picture Star Than Farm Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the fourth dimension, the 16-year-former Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wearable a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (equally any preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the virtually unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings squad spread blackness ink beyond the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's final-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'southward quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snow. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connexion than that.
All that magical snow? Information technology'south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, information technology was yet Hollywood's preferred option for imitation snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the finish, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more means than ane for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin can Human'south) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin can Man's aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of issues for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was amend than Ebsen's, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a condom prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the expect of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'south face that took more than a twelvemonth to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more than fright for Hamilton. On the outset take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor besides early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwardly instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and confront. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'south legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys equally they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aeriform stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut downward on homo marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was About on the Cutting Room Floor
To no ane's surprise, the American Picture Establish ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Simply what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the picture show.
Studio execs at MGM idea the vocal made the Kansas scenes also long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound king of beasts costume, Jack Haley didn't accept information technology easy either. From the lingering concerns well-nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" trunk and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so strong that he had to lean confronting a board to rest properly. Many years afterwards, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same effect with his rigid costume. Information technology seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their bug.
The Original Can Homo Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, only traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new character, the Tin Man, caused him a world of problems. Namely, the character's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the function with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't announced in the concluding film, his vocals tin be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of applied special effects that really concord up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to brand it look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward And so Either
Pay inequality has e'er been an upshot in Hollywood. For case, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation. The film went on to make roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was amend than Caselotti'south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — but information technology still didn't reflect the film's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $fifty per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week equally Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'south title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to bandage role player Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume section fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real panthera leo pare. However, the arc lights used on ready made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each night, two stagehands stale the costume for the side by side twenty-four hour period.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The moving-picture show started shooting in October of 1938 just didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $two,777,000 in costs. That's near $fifty million adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the motion picture simply earned $3 meg at the box office — about $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, call back that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's pocket-sized success in the U.S. barely covered production and motion-picture show rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — simply success overseas fortunately bolstered the motion-picture show'southward returns.
The Night Side of Oz in a Time Earlier "Me Likewise"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them sleep after studios shot them upwardly with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length blithe flick Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a boom-hit. Not but did the picture revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upwards Snow White — and then the most successful flick of all time — with an adaptation of The Sorcerer of Oz, just MGM owned the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Human being's "If I Only Had a Middle," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art one thousand Romeo?"
The Ruby-red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silvery, simply screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would actually popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's master costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about two,300 sequins.
Ane of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2022.
Simply One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic chance story, and Dorothy'southward quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Notwithstanding, despite all these scenic locations, well-nigh all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the but location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the well-nigh dearest dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and tin often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Human being spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to discover one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the domestic dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton as well believed her graphic symbol was more than simply your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More 35 years afterward the motion picture debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the grapheme.
According to Hamilton, the then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sad, lonely figure. In brusk, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'due south character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just every bit amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald Urban center took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a unlike colour" was made possible thank you to a surprising food particular…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the simply interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn carriage was once endemic by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Section Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flight monkeys, then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy picture. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Nearly actors had to arrive before five:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Make full the Flick
The film is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history equally well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film'southward lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no place similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'due south Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young daughter'southward feet. However, fire strikes the Witch'southward hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to get in await more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and office problem-solving for filmmakers. In society to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were ready, the experts experimented with what would await best on moving picture, especially in colorized form. For case, the white part of Dorothy'south clothes is actually pink — simply because it filmed improve. And the oil the Can Homo is so excited about? It's really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the Eastward Makes More Than I Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the Due west'due south beef with Dorothy is that the immature girl dropped a house on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the E, who was the short-lived owner of the cherry-red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Due west and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruddy slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Motion-picture show's Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems similar nothing by today'southward Curiosity movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Subsequently cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy'due south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Tin can Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the W performance besides frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But non everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the picture's starring foes were actually friends. 1 story that emerged from the gear up described Garland excitedly showing off a apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'due south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing tour the 24-hour interval of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was information technology a modest syntactical fake pas?
Information technology'due south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the pic turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
1 of History's Virtually-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other motion-picture show released the same twelvemonth, also directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box office. (Y'all may have heard of that petty pic — it'southward chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in function to re-releases.
The moving picture was first broadcast on television receiver on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 meg viewers. It's believed that The Magician of Oz is ane of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/entertainment/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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